Ice-resistant paint for wind turbine blades, procedure for its preparation, use and wind turbine blade coated with the ice-resistant paint

ABSTRACT

Ice-resistant paint comprising an ice-resistant base component that in turn comprises a main component entailing a high solid paint with a synthetic polyurethane-based binding component dissolved in a main organic solvent, and a hydrophobe component consisting of hydrophobic ice-resistant functional nanoparticles selected from among nanoparticles functionalized with a polymer and nanoparticles functionalized in sol-gel, where the ice-resistant paint comprises a mixture of the main component with a dispersion of functional nanoparticles dispersed in a dispersing composition constituting the main solvent and a dispersant, and forms a base matrix, where the dispersing composition and functional nanoparticles form a dispersion of nanoparticles in which the functional nanoparticles are in the base matrix, and the dispersion of dispersing nanoparticles mixed with the main component to form an ice-resistant base component of the ice-resistant paint.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention pertains to the technical field of industrialcoatings for wind turbine components and, particularly, ice-resistantpaints for wind turbine blades.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbine blades are essential towind turbine performance. During cold seasons and in cold climates, theouter surfaces of the blades are exposed to ice formation. Theaccumulation of ice, particularly on the leading edge area, has negativeand even substantial effects on the aerodynamic qualities of the blade,since it affects not only the energy performance of the wind turbine butalso rotor structural loads by generating vibrations and imbalance in arunning wind turbine, and consequently greater wear on components.Extreme ice accumulation, could even cause a forced shutdown, since theblades on a rotor, normally three, must be balanced in terms of weightand, therefore, if ice accumulation compromises the integrity of thisbalance, the wind turbine must stop to prevent damages caused byimbalance in the mechanical part of the wind turbine. The significantspeed and height of the iced blades likewise entails a danger as chunksof ice already formed on the blades could detach and fall at an elevatedspeed.

A diversity of systems have been conceived to deal with the formation ofice on wind turbine blades such as active and passive ice-resistant andde-icing systems.

One passive ice-resistant system entails coating the blades withice-resistant paint such as a fluoroethane-based black paint to absorbthermal energy during the day and release it at night, thus heating theblade surface and contributing to the prevention of ice formation to acertain degree. However, the effectiveness of paints of this sort isextremely limited, particularly in very cold climates or on very shortwinter days.

Hydrophobes are another type of ice-resistant paints. They block wateradhesion to the blade surface and, consequently, preclude ice formation.This sort of paint, however, tends to become porous over time, losingits hydrophobic properties, and thus requires reconditioning after agiven period, resulting in high costs not only due to the short usefulservice life but also because the wind turbine must shut down during thecorresponding work. Moreover, an increase in hydrophobicity leads to areduction in adhesion forces, which could result in paint adhesionissues on the blade surface.

Ice-resistant paints for wind turbine blades are described, forinstance, in ES2230913T3 and GB2463675A.

Further, high solid paints (“HS Paints”) are also commonly used to paintwind turbine blades. HS paints have two components, namely apolyurethane-based primer, i.e., mixtures essentially comprisingsynthetic polyurethane resins, organic solvents and pigments, with acontent in solids >70% by mass, low density (1.2-1.4 g/cm³), and acontent in volatile organic compounds (VOC)<300 g/l; and a secondisocyanate-based hardener component that mixes with the primer componentbefore painting the blades. Paints obtained in this manner are cured anddried in the open air, and create coatings that satisfy the strictestrequirements regarding the stability of gloss and color, even in extremeclimates. They are also highly elastic, resistant to weather andabrasion caused by, for instance, wind and/or rain, scratches, solvents,agents, hydraulic oils, etc., and are thus widely employed in paintsused for coating wind turbine blades. Nonetheless, the hydrophobicproperties of these paints are limited, and they are thus ineffectiveagainst the formation of ice.

Such high solid paints are sold on the market by, for example, theGerman companies BASF COATINGS GMBH (RELEST® line) and MANKIEWICZ GEBR.& CO. (ALEXIT® line).

It would thus be desirable to obtain a paint having properties tendingto avert the formation of ice on wind turbine blades withoutcompromising the resistance to the physical and chemical agents asconferred by conventional paints employed as wind turbine bladecoatings, and particularly resistant to UV radiation and erosion,insofar as erosion caused by particles and rain.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the aforementioneddrawbacks in the current state of the art through the use of a newice-resistant paint for wind turbine blades, a procedure to create thisice-resistant paint, the use thereof, and a blade at least partiallycoated by this ice-resistant paint.

The ice-resistant paint according to the invention comprises anice-resistant base, which in turn comprises a main component of a highsolid paint, which could be conventional per se, with a syntheticpolyurethane resin-based binding component dissolved in a main organicsolvent and a hydrophobe component, which comprises hydrophobicice-resistant functional nanoparticles selected from among nanoparticlesfunctionalized with a polymer and nanoparticles functionalized insol-gel,

the ice-resistant paint characterized because

the ice-resistant paint comprises a mixture of a main component with adispersion of disperse functional nanoparticles in a dispersing mixtureof a main solvent and a dispersant,

the dispersing composition forms a base matrix;

the dispersing composition and the functional nanoparticles form adispersion of nanoparticles in which the functional nanoparticles are inthe base matrix;

the dispersion of dispersant nanoparticles is mixed with the maincomponent, forming an ice-resistant base component of the ice-resistantpaint.

The present description employs the following terms as defined below:

-   -   Main component: Paint component with no functional        nanoparticles;    -   Main component: high solid paint component comprising,        conventionally per se, the binder component dissolved in a main        solvent;    -   Main solvent: Main solvent present in the main component;    -   Functional nanoparticles: ice-resistant functional nanoparticles        selected among the nanoparticles functionalized with a polymer        and nanoparticles functionalized in sol-gel, so that they are        ice-resistant and hydrophobic;    -   Dispersing composition: composition comprising the solvent and        dispersant forming the base matrix for the functional        nanoparticles;    -   Nanoparticle dispersion: dispersion comprising the functional        nanoparticles on the base matrix;    -   Ice-resistant base component: mixture comprising the main        component and the nanoparticle dispersion—when the ice-resistant        paint is of a single component, the term “ice-resistant base        component” is equivalent to “ice-resistant paint”, though when        the ice-resistant paint is of at least two components the        “ice-resistant base component” corresponds to the main        component.

The ice-resistant paint, when of the two-component sort, comprises, inaddition to the ice-resistant base component as the main component, ahardener component selectable from among hardener agents based onisocyanates, polycyanates and combinations thereof, as a secondarycomponent.

The fact that, according to the invention, the ice-resistant functionalnanoparticles have been dispersed previously in the dispersingcomposition forming the base matrix that has a composition at leastsimilar to the main component of the high solid paint, permits theintroduction, dispersion and distribution of ice-resistant functionalnanoparticles in the main component much more uniformly and effectivelythan when functional nanoparticles are introduced directly into the maincomponent, so that the ice-resistant paint according to the inventionconserves the physical-chemical properties of a conventional paintemployed to coat wind turbine blades, especially the resistance toerosion and ultraviolet radiation, guaranteeing the same durability andresistance to ageing as the original paint. Thus, the dispersing formulaacts as a “Trojan Horse” for the functional nanoparticles, enabling thedispersion of functional nanoparticles in the main component of the highsolid paint.

The dispersing solution (dispersant) can comprise the main solvent andthe surfactant in a proportion of 2:1, preferentially 3:1 by mass;dispersant is 2-3.5% in weight respect nanoparticles mass andnanoparticle is 20-30% in weight respect solvent.

The ice-resistant base component can comprise the nanoparticledispersion at 4-6% by mass of functional nanoparticles.

When this is a two-component paint in which the main component is aconventional high-solid paint, the ice-resistant base component can bemixed with the hardener agent so that the final ice resistant paint hasapproximately 2-3% of functional nanoparticles.

The main solvent can be selected from among alcohol-based ororganic-based solvents, common per se in their polyurethane chemicalmakeup such as butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propanolacetate, toluene, xylene, naphtha solvent, 1,4-dioxane, diacetonealcohol, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide,dimethyl sulfoxide, or discretional mixtures thereof. According to theinvention, the main solvent could be an organic compound with averagepolarity, preferentially n-butyl-acetate, since the latter is the mostcommon in conventional polyurethane resin-based high solid paints forwind turbine blades. Such conventional polyurethane resin-based paintsare sold on the market by, for example, the German companies BASFCOATINGS GMBH (RELEST® line, e.g., RELEST WIND 1306) and MANKIEWICZGEBR. & CO. (ALEXIT® line, for instance, ALEXIT 495-498).

The dispersant in the dispersing composition could be a polymericdispersant in non-polar systems such as an amphiphilic polymericdispersant, e.g., polymeric dispersant in non-polar systems.

In one embodiment of the invention, the dispersant is a cationicpolymeric dispersant that can comprise a mixture of alkyl esters, fattyacids and alkylamines. Suitable dispersants for this type are, forexample, those pertaining to the HYPERMER KD-3 line sold on the marketby the British company CRODA INTERNATIONAL, PLC.

The ice-resistant functional nanoparticles contained in theice-resistant paint according to the invention are hydrophobicnanoparticles, preferentially inorganic, that can bear hydrophobicgroups on its surface, particularly composed of organofunctional siliconcompounds that have at least one functional group that reacts with thehydrophilic groups of the inorganic hydrophilic nanoparticles and atleast one hydrophobic radical.

Some examples of inorganic hydrophilic nanoparticles used for creatingice-resistant functional nanoparticles are based on the oxides and/ormixed oxides, including hydrated oxides of at least one metal orsemi-metal from the main groups two and six, and transition groups oneto eight in the Periodic Table of Elements, or even lanthanides,especially oxides and/or mixed oxides, including hydrated oxide,selected within the group from the elements Si, Al, Ti, Zr, and/or Ce.Examples of such inorganic hydrophilic nanoparticles includenanoparticles based on SiO₂, e.g., silica prepared pyrogenically orcolloidally, silicates, Al₂O₃, aluminum hydroxide, aluminosilicates,TiO₂, titanates, ZrO₂, or zirconates, CeO₂.

As compounds with hydrophobic groups, the use of functional organicsilicon compounds is particularly preferential, since it has at leastone alkyl group having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, particularly 1 to 10carbon atoms, and at least one hydrolyzable group and/or at least one OHgroup and/or one NH group. Examples of compounds having hydrophobicgroups include alkylalkoxysilanes, particularly dialkyldialkoxysilanes,and alkyltrialkoxysilanes, preferentially trialkylchlorosilanes anddialkylchlorosilanes, alkylpolysiloxanes, dialkylpolysiloxanes,alkyldisiloxanes and similar.

Likewise suitable as compounds for having hydrophobic groups are thevarious monomeric and/or oligomeric silicic esters that have methoxy,ethoxy or n-propoxy and/or isopropoxy groups, and a degree ofoligomerization from 1 to 50, particularly from 2 to 10, preferentiallyfrom 3 to 5.

As compounds that have hydrophobic groups, the use ofdimethyldichlorosilane and/or hexamethyldichlorosilane and/oroctyltriethoxysilane and/or dimethylpolysiloxane is particularlypreferential. The particularly preferred hydrophobic nanoparticles arenanoparticles based on the reaction products of SiO₂ anddimethyldichlorosilane and hexamethyldisilazane, particularly reactionproducts of SiO₂ and dimethyldichlorosilane. Examples of hydrophobicnanoparticles that can be used are commonly sold products by the Germancompany EVONIK INDUSTRIES, under the trademark AEROSIL®, particularlyAEROSIL® 8200, R106, R202, R972, R972V, R974, R974V, R805 or R812; orthe company WACKER CHEMIE AG, under the trademark or brand HDK,particularly HDK H15, H 18, H20, H30 or 2000.

In a preferred embodiment of the ice-resistant paint,

the main solvent is n-butyl-acetate;

the dispersant composition in which the ice-resistant functionalnanoparticles are dispersed comprises a cationic dispersant, which inturn comprises a mixture of alkyl esters, fatty acids and alkylamines;

the ice-resistant functional nanoparticles are pyrogenic silicananoparticles functionalized with dimethyldichlorosilane orhexamethyldisilazane.

The ice-resistant functional nanoparticles in the ice-resistant basecomponent preferentially have an average particle size of between 100 nmand 300 nm; and more preferentially, their size is between 150 nm and280 nm.

The average particle sizes and their distribution in the ice-resistantbase component are determined by Laser Doppler velocimetry. The sizedistribution of the particles in dispersion can be determined with asystem, namely the Z-SIZER NANO ZS90 manufactured by MALVERN. Glasscuvettes are used to conduct these measurements. Three samples areprepared for each suspension, and each one is then measured, calculatingthe average of the values. Prior tests have determined a suspensionconcentration of 0.1% by mass so that equipment measurements arereliable. The values for Z_(average) and PdI (polydispersity index) aremeasured.

Z_(average) is the Z-average size or Z-average mean. It is a parameterused in dynamic light scattering, also known as the cumulants mean. Itis the main parameter and most stable produced by the technique. It isthe best value for reporting in quality control studies as defined bystandards ISO 13321 and ISO 22412, the latter defines the Z_(average)value as “the harmonic intensity averaged particle diameter.”

The PdI value indicates the degree of variation or amplitude of aGaussian bell curve representing the distribution of the particle sizes.

The procedure for obtaining an ice-resistant paint according to theinvention entails identifying the base component of the high solid paintupon which the ice-resistant paint will be based, and preparing theice-resistant base component through

a first stage that entails mixing the surfactant with the main solventto obtain the dispersing composition in a ratio of 1/3

a second stage that entails mixing the dispersing composition with thefunctional nanoparticles to obtain a dispersion of nanoparticlescomprising 20-30% by mass, preferentially 25% by mass, of functionalnanoparticles.

a third stage that entails mixing and homogenizing the dispersion ofnanoparticles with the main component for obtaining the ice-resistantbase component with a functional nanoparticle content of 4% to 6% bymass, preferentially 5% by mass, in which the nanoparticles have anaverage particle size of between 100 nm and 300 nm, preferentially from150 nm to 280 nm.

The procedure for obtaining a two-component ice-resistant paint alsoentails a fourth stage that involves mixing the ice-resistant basecomponent with the standard hardener component according to theindications of the manufacturer. The nanoparticles remain in aproportion of 2-3% by weight regarding the paint.

This procedure enables the generation of a standard paint for windturbine blades with ice-resistant properties, maintaining theirremaining physical-chemical properties and durability intact.

In one preferential embodiment of this procedure, the main solvent isn-butyl-acetate, the dispersant is a cationic dispersant comprising amixture of alkyl esters, fatty acids and alkylamines, and thenanoparticles functionalized with pyrogenic silica nanoparticlesfunctionalized with hexamethyldisilazane or dimethyldichlorosilane.

These pyrogenic silica nanoparticles functionalized withhexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) are hydrophobic and have a spherical shapeof 8 to 30 nm in diameter. Pyrogenic silica is a hydrophilic compound ofvery fine SiO₂ particles with a specific surface of 110 and 220±20 m2/g.The size distribution of the particles of a typical silica fume is <0.5micras, with an median diameter generally between 0.1 and 0.2 micras

Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) is an organosilicone compound, hydrophobewith a molecular structure of [(CH₃)₃Si]2NH polymerized on the silicananoparticles, which are hydrophilic by their chemical nature, toconvert them into hydrophobic molecules. They are known as “core-shell”particles: the silica nanoparticle is the core, which converts the shapeand base properties, and the HMDS is the shell, which confers thesurface properties to the functionalized nanoparticle.

This type of functionalized nanoparticles is commercially available, forexample, under the EVONIK INDUSTRIES trademarks of AEROSIL 300, AEROSILR812 and AEROSIL R972. For example, AEROSIL R812 has a specific BETsurface of 110+20 m²/g and an average particle size of approximately 25nm.

For its application onto the wind turbine blade, the ice-resistant basecomponent can be mixed with a hardener component selected from among thehardener agents per se conventional and based on isocyanates,polyisocyanates and combinations thereof.

The invention also refers to the use of the ice-resistant paintdescribed above for coating at least one part of a wind turbine blade.Only parts of the blade could be coated such as, for instance, the partsmost exposed to cold temperatures such as the leading edge and/or theirradial edge, or the entire blade could be fully coated.

Likewise the invention refers to a wind turbine blade that is partiallyor fully coated by ice-resistant paint described above.

The ice-resistant paint according to the present invention has proven topresent properties better than those of conventional polyurethane highsolid paints, since it not only confers hydrophobic properties but alsoresistance to erosion and ageing. It should necessarily be so in orderto be utilized on wind turbines with no need for re-certification.Regarding color, gloss, strength, flexibility, UV resistance, . . . theproperties of the ice-resistant paint are similar to the properties ofconventional polyurethane-based high solid paints, though the greateradvantage is that the ice-resistant paint, according to the presentinvention, in addition to the ice-resistant effect conferred because ofthe reduced surface energy, also confers a resistance to erosion betterthan conventional polyurethane-based high solid paints, where resistanceto erosion is one of the most important properties for the blades of awind turbine because it directly affects performance (erosion modifiesthe aerodynamic profile of the blade and lowers performance), andbecause it directly affects maintenance costs, since the wind turbinemust be stopped to repaint the blades in the event of this erosion.

MODES OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Example 1

A conventional polyurethane high solid paint was selected (RELEST linee.g. RELEST WIND 1306) as the main component, identifying the mainsolvent in this paint as n-butyl-acetate,

A dispersing composition was prepared by mixing, with a magneticagitator, 880 g (1 l) of n-butyl-acetate as solvent and 293.3 g HYPERMERKD3 as surfactant according to 3:1 relation.

The final nanoparticle dispersion was prepared by mixing 29.85 g ofAEROSIL R972 (pyrogenic silica nanoparticles functionalized with DDS),4.2 g of dispersing solution, and 132.6 ml of n-butyl-acetate and bothcomponents were mixed by ultrasonic agitation to yield 135.7 ml of ananoparticle dispersion at 25% of AEROSIL R972.

135.7 ml of nanoparticle dispersion was mixed by mechanical agitationwith 1 liter of the main component (based paint+hardener) to yield 1.340l of ice-resistant base component with a 5% by mass of AEROSIL R972.

The main component is prepared with 778 ml of based paint and 222 ml ofhardener according to the relation 3.5:1 (volume). Relating toice-resistance, base component base paint (778 ml) is mixed with 105.6ml of nanoparticle dispersion. 320 g of the ice-resistant base componentwas mixed by mechanical agitation with 100 g of a hardener agent(polyisocyanate 1385 ALEXIT 498 from BASF COATINGS GMBH.) to yield anice-resistant paint according to the invention with an average particlesize between 150 and 200 nm, approximately 65% from 180 to 190 nm, aZaverage value of 185 nm, and a degree of polydispersion of 0.150-

.

Example 2

The ice-resistant paint prepared as described in the preceding exampleand the conventional polyurethane and polyisocyanate-based high solidpaint were applied to respective laminates of conventional materialemployed on wind turbine blades, and then tested to ascertain theirproperties of color, opacity, gloss, adhesion, abrasion, oxidation,cracking and delamination, resistance to rain erosion and ice-resistantproperties. The following table lists the results of the tests:

TABLE I Requirement Test Conventional Ice-resistant Property Categorymethod painting paint Comparison Color Physical properties ISO 7224(<1.5) ΔE = 0.38 ΔE = 0.48 OK Opacity Cured coating ISO 2814  150 μm 150 μm OK Gloss ISO 2813 (<30) 4.62 GU 3.86 GU OK AdhesionPhysical-chemical ISO 4624 (>5) 7.13 MPa 6.93 MPa OK Rain erosion testproperties SAAB test PASS PASS Much better, Strength more than doubledErosion testing ASTM G76 0.04 g/300 s 0.04 g/300 s OK Abrasion ISO4628-2 0 s (0) 0 s (0) OK Oxidation ISO 4628-3 Ri 0 Ri 0 OK Cracking ISO4628-4 0 s (0) 0 s (0) OK Delamination ISO 4628-5 0 s (0) 0 s (0) OKANTI-ICING Functional WCA WCA 102-120° WCA 102.4°-120 Better EFFECTproperties (124° after erosion tests) Water evacuation Water retention:Water retention: Better 65% increase 0.053 0.019 in water evacuationFreezer tunnel −10° C. ice −10° C. no ice Much better adhered adhered

Example 3

The ice-resistant paint and conventional polyurethane andpolyisocyanate-based high solid paint were applied to respectivelaminates of conventional material employed on wind turbine blades, andthen underwent rain erosion testing with SAAB testing methods in thefollowing conditions:

Rainmaking devices: 6

Precipitation (mm/h): 25.5

Drop diameter (mm): 2

Impact angle (degrees): 90

Rotational speed (rpm): 767.9

The following table lists the results of these tests:

TABLE II Time and erosion test Sample Sample condition Test No. (min)Conventional recently painted 1 6 painting recently painted 2 6 recentlypainted 3 7 after NORSOK ageing 1 5 after NORSOK ageing 2 6 after NORSOKageing 3 6 Ice-resistant recently painted 1 20 paint recently painted 220 recently painted 3 15 after NORSOK ageing 1 7 after NORSOK ageing 2 7after NORSOK ageing 3 7

As the test results reveal, the samples coated with the ice-resistantpaint according to the invention resist erosion from rain substantiallybetter than the samples with conventional paint, which demonstratesgreater resistance than conventional paint.

1. Ice-resistant paint comprising an ice-resistant base, which in turncomprises a main component of a high solid paint with a syntheticpolyurethane resin-based binding component dissolved in a main organicsolvent and a hydrophobe component, which comprises hydrophobicice-resistant functional nanoparticles selected from among nanoparticlesfunctionalized with a polymer and nanoparticles functionalized insol-gel, wherein the ice-resistant paint comprises a mixture of a maincomponent with a dispersion of disperse functional nanoparticles in adispersing mixture of a main solvent and a dispersant, the dispersingcomposition forms a base matrix; the dispersing composition and thefunctional nanoparticles form a dispersion of nanoparticles in which thefunctional nanoparticles are in the base matrix; the dispersion ofdispersant nanoparticles is mixed with the main component, forming anice-resistant base component of the ice-resistant paint. 2.Ice-resistant paint according to claim 1, wherein it is a two-componentpaint comprising the ice-resistant base component as the main componentand, as a secondary agent, an additional hardener component selectedfrom among hardener agents based on isocyanates, polyisocyanates andcombinations thereof, and because it preferentially comprises 2-3% bymass of functionalized ice-resistant nanoparticles.
 3. Ice-resistantpaint according to claim 1, wherein the dispersing composition comprisesthe main solvent and the dispersant in a proportion of 1:2 by mass,preferentially 1:3 by mass; the nanoparticle dispersion comprises 20-30%by mass, preferentially 25% by mass of functional ice-resistantnanoparticles; the ice-resistant base component comprises 4-6% by massof functional nanoparticles.
 4. Ice-resistant paint according to claim1, wherein the main solvent is selected among alcohol-based ororganic-based solvents common for polyurethane chemistry. 5.Ice-resistant paint according to claim 4, wherein the main solvent isselected from among butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propanolacetate, toluene, xylene, naphtha solvent, 1,4-dioxane, diacetonealcohol, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide,dimethyl sulfoxide, and combinations thereof.
 6. Ice-resistant paintaccording to claim 5, wherein the main solvent is n-butyl-acetate. 7.Ice-resistant paint according to claim 1, wherein the dispersant is apolymeric dispersant in non-polar systems, preferentially an amphiphilicpolymeric dispersant such as, e.g., a polymeric dispersant in non-polarsystems, more preferentially a cationic polymeric dispersant that couldcomprise a mixture of alkyl esters, fatty acids and alkylamines. 8.Ice-resistant paint according to claim 1, wherein the functionalice-resistant nanoparticles bear hydrophobic groups on their surface andcomprise inorganic nanoparticles with hydrophilic groups; the inorganicnanoparticles are preferentially selected from among oxides, mixedoxides, hydrated oxides and combinations thereof, which comprises atleast one element selected from groups two through six, transitiongroups one through eight, lanthanides and combinations thereof, morepreferentially at least one element selected from between Si, Al, Ti,Zr, Ce and combinations thereof, and still more preferentially inorganicnanoparticles based on SiO₂, silica prepared pyrogenically, silicaprepared colloidally, silicates, Al₂O₃, aluminum hydroxide,aluminosilicates, TiO₂, titanates, ZrO₂, or zirconates, CeO₂. 9.Ice-resistant paint according to claim 8, wherein the hydrophobic groupsare selected from among organofunctional silica compounds having atleast one alkyl group with 1 to 50 carbon atoms, preferentially withfrom 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one functional group selectedfrom among hydrolyzable groups, OH groups NH groups and combinationsthereof, more preferentially from among alkylalkoxysilanes, and stillmore preferentially from among dialkyldialkoxysilanes,alkyltrialkoxysilanes, trialkylchlorosilanes, dialkylchlorosilanes,alkylpolysiloxanes, dialkylpolysiloxanes and alkyldisiloxanes; monomericsilicic esters, oligomeric silicic esters having methoxy, ethoxy,n-propoxy groups, isopropoxy groups, and a degree of oligomerizationfrom 1 to 50, particularly from 2 to 10, preferentially from 3 to 5, andmore preferentially dimethyldichlorosilane, hexamethyldichlorosilane,octyltriethoxysilane and dimethylpolysiloxane.
 10. Ice-resistant paintaccording to claim 8, wherein the ice-resistant functional nanoparticlesare based on products of the reaction of SiO₂ and an ester selected fromamong dimethyldichlorosilane and hexamethyldisilazane, preferentiallyreaction products of SiO₂ and dimethyldichlorosilane.
 11. Ice-resistantpaint according to claim 6, wherein the dispersing composition comprisesa cationic dispersant that contains a mixture of alkyl esters, fattyacids and alkylamines; the ice-resistant functional nanoparticles arepyrogenic silica nanoparticles functionalized with an ester selectedfrom between dimethyldichlorosilane and hexamethyldisilazane. 12.Ice-resistant paint according to claim 1, wherein the ice-resistantfunctional nanoparticles have an average particle size of between 100 nmand 300 nm; and more preferentially, their size is between 150 nm and280 nm.
 13. Procedure for obtaining an ice-resistant paint according toclaim 1, which entails identifying the base component of the high solidpaint upon which the ice-resistant paint will be based, and preparingthe ice-resistant base component through a first stage that entailsmixing the dispersant with the main solvent to obtain the dispersingcomposition at a dispersant/solvent ratio of 1/3, in which the mainsolvent is preferentially n-butyl-acetate and the dispersant ispreferentially a cationic dispersant comprising a mixture of alkylesters, fatty acids and alkylamines; a second stage that entails mixingthe dispersing composition with the functional nanoparticles to obtain adispersion of nanoparticles comprising 20-30% by mass, preferentially25% by mass, of functional nanoparticles, where the functionalnanoparticles are preferentially pyrogenic silica nanoparticlesfunctionalized with an ester selected from betweendimethyldichlorosilane and hexamethyldisilazane; a third stage thatentails mixing and homogenizing the dispersion of nanoparticles with themain component for obtaining the ice-resistant base component with afunctional nanoparticle content of 4% to 6% by mass, preferentially 5%by mass, in that the nanoparticles have an average particle size ofbetween 100 nm and 300 nm, preferentially from 150 nm to 280 nm; and,optionally, a fourth stage in which the base component is mixed with ahardener component preferentially selected from among the hardeneragents based on isocyanates, polyisocyanates and combinations thereof.14. Use of the ice-resistant paint of any of the claim 1 for coating atleast one part of a wind turbine blade.
 15. Wind turbine blade,characterized because it is at least partially coated by ice-resistantpaint according to claim 1.